What is Acetylcysteine?

Acetylcysteine (also called N-acetylcysteine or NAC) is a compound that helps the body make more of an important antioxidant called glutathione. Antioxidants protect the brain and body from damage caused by stress and inflammation. 

What is it used for? 

• Studied as add-on treatment for depression, OCD, trichotillomania (compulsive hair pulling), compulsive skin picking and self-cutting, schizophrenia, and reducing cravings in substance use disorders or compulsive gambling. 

• Acetylcysteine is not a replacement for other mental health treatments. It is usually used together with other medicines and therapy. 

How does it work? 

It helps restore the balance of chemicals in the brain, especially glutamate, which is important for mood and thinking. 

It reduces inflammation and oxidative stress and may help protect brain cells and improve how they communicate. 

How should it be taken? 

Acetylcysteine is usually taken by mouth as a tablet or powder. Avoid the liquid form. Taking with food may reduce stomach upset. 

The typical dose studied is between 2000 and 2400 mg per day, divided into two or three doses. 

Possible side effects 

Common: Nausea, diarrhea, stomach pain, or headache. Rare: Skin rash or allergic reactions. 

Special considerations 

• There is limited information about the safety of acetylcysteine in pregnancy and breastfeeding when used for mental health. It has been used safely in pregnant women for other medical reasons but always discuss with a healthcare provider Seek urgent care if symptoms of serotonin syndrome occur (confusion, fever, muscle stiffness). 

• The tablets may have an egg-like smell.